In this guide, we want to teach you How To Secure Nginx with Let’s Encrypt on AlmaLinux 9.
Let’s Encrypt is a so-called open certificate authority, which provides free and automated SSL certificates. They do this because they strive for a safer and more privacy-respecting internet.
In short, an SSL certificate basically provides two parts: encryption and validation. Encryption ensures that traffic to and from your website goes over a secure, encrypted connection so that malicious parties can no longer intercept data, for example.
Validation means that an independent Certificate Authority checks whether a domain name actually belongs to the person or organization that claims to be the owner of it. The more validation, the more guarantee that you are actually dealing with who they say they are.
Let’s Encrypt, as the name suggests, has encryption as its primary purpose. They only provide SSL certificates, which include Domain Validation. With the SSL certificates that they issue, no organization data of the applicant is checked, as is done with Organization SSL and Extended SSL.
Steps To Secure Nginx with Let’s Encrypt on AlmaLinux 9
To complete this guide, you need some requirements first.
Requirements
Log in as a non-root user with sudo privileges and set up a basic firewall. You can check the Initial server setup article for AlmaLinux 9.
You need to install Nginx on AlmaLinux 9 and set up Nginx server blocks. To do this, you can visit our article about How To Install Nginx on AlmaLinux 9.
Also, you need a fully registered domain name.
When you are completely done with these requirements you can start to secure your Nginx with Let’s Encrypt on AlmaLinux 9.
Install the Certbot Let’s Encrypt Client on ALmaLinux 9
By default, the certbot package is not available in the DNF package manager. You need to enable the EPEL repository.
Run the following command to add the EPEL repository on AlmaLinux 9:
sudo dnf install epel-release -y
Now you can install all of the certbot packages with the following command:
sudo dnf install certbot python3-certbot-nginx -y
At this point, you have installed the Let’s Encrypt client. To get the certificates you need to update your firewall settings first.
To check which services are already enabled run the following command:
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --list-all
In your output you will see:
Output public target: default icmp-block-inversion: no interfaces: sources: services: cockpit dhcpv6-client http https ssh ports: protocols: masquerade: no forward-ports: source-ports: icmp-blocks: rich rules:
Note: If you don’t see HTTP and HTTPS in your services list run the following commands to enable them:
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
To apply these changes reload the firewall with the following command:
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
Now you are ready to get your SSL certificate from Let’s Encrypt on AlmaLinux 9.
How to Get an SSL certificate on AlmaLinux 9
Here you can request an SSL certificate for your domain.
Note: If you want to install a single certificate that is valid for multiple domains or subdomains, you can pass them as additional parameters to the command.
Here, our domain name is nginx.orcacore.net you should replace it with your own domain in the commands.
sudo certbot --nginx -d nginx.orcacore.net -d www.nginx.orcacore.net
For the single domain you can use:
sudo certbot --nginx -d nginx.orcacore.net
You will be asked to enter your email address and then agree to the terms of services.
In your output you will see:
Output
Successfully received certificate.
Certificate is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/nginx.orcacore.net/fullchain.pem
Key is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/nginx.orcacore.net/privkey.pem
This certificate expires on 2022-12-27.
These files will be updated when the certificate renews.
Certbot has set up a scheduled task to automatically renew this certificate in the background.
Deploying certificate
Successfully deployed certificate for nginx.orcacore.net to /etc/nginx/conf.d/nginx.orcacore.net.conf
Successfully deployed certificate for www.nginx.orcacore.net to /etc/nginx/conf.d/nginx.orcacore.net.conf
Your existing certificate has been successfully renewed, and the new certificate has been installed.
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If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
* Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
* Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -At this point, when you are finished using certbot, you can check your SSL certificate status from Let’s Encrypt on AlmaLinux 9. Type the following link to your web browser:
Remember to replace the domain name.
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=nginx.orcacore.net
Here you will get an A grade from your SSL certificate. Also, you can access your website using the HTTPs prefix.
Now you should renew certificates periodically to keep this setup working.
Let’s see how to do that.
How To set up Auto-renewal for SSL certificates
Let’s Encrypt certificates are valid for 90 days, but it’s recommended that you renew the certificates every 60 days.
You can test automatic renewal for your certificates with the following command:
sudo certbot renew --dry-run
your output should similar to this:
Output
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
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Processing /etc/letsencrypt/renewal/nginx.orcacore.net.conf
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Account registered.
Simulating renewal of an existing certificate for nginx.orcacore.net and www.nginx.orcacore.net
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Congratulations, all simulated renewals succeeded:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/nginx.orcacore.net/fullchain.pem (success)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Also, it is safe to create a cron job that runs every week, or even every day.
To edit the crontab for the root user run the following command:
sudo crontab -e
Then, add the following line to the empty file:
0 0,12 * * * python -c 'import random; import time; time.sleep(random.random() * 3600)' && certbot renew --quiet
When you are done, save and close the file with the “:wq”.
Conclusion
At this point, you learn to install the Let’s Encrypt client Certbot, download SSL certificates for your domain, and set up automatic certificate renewal.
Hope you enjoy this article about How to Secure Nginx with Let’s Encrypt on AlmaLinux 9.
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